Categories: Macroeconomics

GDP and Its Approaches

&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;95 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad1" id&equals;"quads-ad1" style&equals;"float&colon;left&semi;margin&colon;0px 0px 0px 0&semi;">&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<h1 align&equals;"justify">What is the Gross Domestic Product &lpar;GDP&rpar;&quest;<&sol;h1>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Have you Ever thought how an economic activity is measured in a country&quest; And what about the resources being utilized and the production being made within a country &period;&nbsp&semi; Well &excl; There are tools&period; And one of the tools is GDP &comma; the &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Gross Domestic Product” &period; By definition &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;It is a measurement of the value of all final goods and services produced within a year in a country”&period; So in the definition we have&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<ol>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Final Goods and Services&period; <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Produced within a year&period; <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Production within the boundaries of a Country&period;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<&sol;ol>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">A break of definition shows that GDP only counts FINAL goods and services&period; Additionally it measures the production on yearly basis&period; Furthermore it also has the condition of counting the production that is within the boundaries of the country &lpar;See GDP Vs&period; GNP&rpar;&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h2 align&equals;"justify"><&sol;h2>&NewLine;<h2 align&equals;"justify">GDP a Stock or a&nbsp&semi; Flow &quest; <&sol;h2>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Now a stock is a quantity measured at a given point in time whereas&comma; a flow is a quantity measured per unit of time&period; For Example &colon; A person’s wealth is a stock while his income and expenditure are flows&period; Now GDP too&comma; is a Flow&comma; it tells how much money &lpar;dollars&sol;rupees etc&rpar; are flowing around the circular flow per unit of time&period; But remember stock and flow are interrelated&comma; because it is the flow that accumulates that as a result makes a stock&period; Just like the flow of income that you receive out of which you save for your wealth which is a stock&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify"><&sol;h3>&NewLine;<h2 align&equals;"justify">GDP Formula <&sol;h2>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">The most simple formula for GDP is &colon; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Price of Product<sub>1<&sol;sub> x Quantity of Product<sub>1 <&sol;sub>&equals;Nominal GDP<sub>1&nbsp&semi;&nbsp&semi;&nbsp&semi; <&sol;sub>Whereas&comma; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Price of Product of Base year x Quantity of Product of Current year &equals; Real GDP<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;95 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad2" id&equals;"quads-ad2" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;margin&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<h2 align&equals;"justify">Approaches of measuring GDP<&sol;h2>&NewLine;<ol>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Expenditure Approach <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Income Approach <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Product Approach<&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<&sol;ol>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Expenditure Approach <&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">One of the common approaches of calculating GDP is expenditure approach&period; by Formula it is &colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&nbsp&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify"><a href&equals;"http&colon;&sol;&sol;mba-tutorials&period;com&sol;&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2013&sol;12&sol;gdp-formula2&period;gif"><img title&equals;"gdp formula" style&equals;"border-top&colon; 0px&semi; border-right&colon; 0px&semi; background-image&colon; none&semi; border-bottom&colon; 0px&semi; float&colon; none&semi; padding-top&colon; 0px&semi; padding-left&colon; 0px&semi; margin-left&colon; auto&semi; border-left&colon; 0px&semi; display&colon; block&semi; padding-right&colon; 0px&semi; margin-right&colon; auto" border&equals;"0" src&equals;"http&colon;&sol;&sol;mba-tutorials&period;com&sol;&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2013&sol;12&sol;gdp-formula&lowbar;thumb2&period;gif" width&equals;"526" height&equals;"47"&sol;><&sol;a><&sol;p>&NewLine;<ul>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Consumption by the households <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Investment by the businessmen <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Government Expenditure by the State <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Net exports includes the goods produced within the country&lpar;export&rpar; minus the good being taken from&nbsp&semi; other countries &lpar;import&rpar;&period;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<&sol;ul>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&lbrack;large&rsqb;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Income Approach<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">A simple approach of measuring GDP&period; Which calculates all the income received from the factor of production i&period;e&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<ul>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Rent from Land <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Wage from Labor <&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<li>&NewLine;<div align&equals;"justify">Interest from Capital<&sol;div>&NewLine;<&sol;li>&NewLine;<&sol;ul>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">An amalgamation of all these equals the value of all income received which in other words is GDP &lpar;measures in Dollars&sol;rupees&rpar; of a country&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Product Approach<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">The product approach includes the value added concept which is the value of firms output&nbsp&semi; less the value of the Intermediate Goods that the firm&nbsp&semi; purchases&period; By intermediate Goods&comma; we mean the goods that are used for further production which is not counted in GDP&period; GDP does not counts such goods because it creates the problem of double counting&period; Double counting means that we are counting a product more than once &period;So the value added approach helps us eliminate this problem of Double counting&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">There is one thing common about all these approaches&period; All provides the same answer when calculating the GDP&period; Any 3 being used for the same data should come up with the same answer in all approaches&period; &NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;95 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad3" id&equals;"quads-ad3" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;margin&colon;0px&semi;">&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;

Marjan Arbab

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