Probability Sampling Techniques

&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;95 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad1" id&equals;"quads-ad1" style&equals;"float&colon;left&semi;margin&colon;0px 0px 0px 0&semi;">&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Before understanding probability sampling techniques&comma; one must know the difference between sample and sampling&period; Sample is the subset of population which represents the population whereas sampling is the process of selecting subset from population&period; Now&comma; there are two types of techniques for selecting the subset or sample from population which are&colon; Probability Sampling techniques and <a href&equals;"http&colon;&sol;&sol;mba-lectures&period;com&sol;advance-research-methods&sol;1366&sol;non-probability-sampling-techniques&period;html" target&equals;"&lowbar;blank" rel&equals;"noopener">Non-Probability Sampling<&sol;a> techniques&period; Here we will only discuss probability sampling techniques&period; In probability sampling technique every object of the population has equal chance or probability of being selected as a part or respondent of the sample&period; This sampling technique is free from any kind of discrimination because probability or chance of any respondent is equal and varies from method to method of probability sampling&period; This method is divided into five broad methods are described below&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Simple Random Sampling Method<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">In Simple random sampling every respondent has equal probability of being selected&period; In this method the subset of population is achieved through chance but without any logic&period; For example if a researcher wants to select 10 students from a class of 70 he&sol;she must select with out any logic&period; The researcher can use any logic such as&colon; students having age above 20&comma; students from first row&comma; students scoring higher marks etc&period; Simple random sampling technique can be used in two ways&comma; with replacement and without replacement of units&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Systematic Sampling Technique<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Systematic Sampling Technique is a special type of random sampling technique in which first unit of sample is taken randomly from the population&period; The other units of sample are taken at a fixed interval&period; This sampling technique has few advantages such as&colon; if first unit of sample is identified randomly than remaining respondents can be easily taken&period; Except first respondent all other units lacks complete randomization&period; The disadvantage of systematic sampling technique is that if the first respondent is identified from the end-points then sampling results will be misleading but it happens in rare cases&period; For-example&colon; If production department wants to check the quality of goods than if first unit of sample is good&comma; then the remaining goods will be considered as good&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Stratified Sampling<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;95 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad2" id&equals;"quads-ad2" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;margin&colon;0px 0 0px 0&semi;text-align&colon;center&semi;">&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">Stratified Sampling is statistically more efficient because it is an improvised technique above systematic and simple random sampling techniques&period; In this method&comma; population is divided into a specified set known as strata&period; A stratum has respondents and units with homogenous attributes but the respondents of the one stratum do not have same characteristics as compared to the attributes of other stratum&period;&&num;160&semi;&&num;160&semi; <br &sol;>For example&colon; In order to measure the standard of living in any city&comma; people are first divided into different classes such as upper class&comma; medium class and lower class etc&period; People are divided into these classes on the basis of various attributes such as&colon; income&comma; education&comma; job nature etc&period; If the same proportion of respondents is used in sampling&comma; it is called as proportional stratified sampling otherwise it is known as disproportional stratified sampling&period; If the variance is zero or near to zero between two strata&comma; then proportional strata sampling method would be used&comma; otherwise disproportional strata would be used&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Cluster Sampling<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">It is sampling technique method in which population is classified into clusters&period; Different clusters are similar to each other but members of these clusters do not have same attributes&period; In this sampling technique each cluster is treated as a small population itself with entire attributes&period; Randomly any one cluster can be studied and all the respondents of that cluster would be taken in the study to achieve the results of the population&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<h3 align&equals;"justify">Multi Stage Sampling<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">&&num;160&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p align&equals;"justify">This is one of the most important sampling techniques which used for large population size such as country&period; It also leads to higher cost and takes more time to the research&period; The basic purpose of multiphase sampling is to reduce the sample size&period; This sampling method facilitates to divide population into small samples which must be practicable in both terms such as time and cost&period; Depending upon the reality&comma; this method utilizes more than one stage to sample the population and different types of sampling methods are used in the particular stages&period; &NewLine;<&excl;-- WP QUADS Content Ad Plugin v&period; 2&period;0&period;95 -->&NewLine;<div class&equals;"quads-location quads-ad3" id&equals;"quads-ad3" style&equals;"float&colon;none&semi;margin&colon;0px&semi;">&NewLine;&NewLine;<&sol;div>&NewLine;&NewLine;