Statement of Cash Flow

Conventional financial statements i.e. income statement and balance sheet do not give true picture of the cash flows of the firm. Because income statement incorporates many non-cash expenditures and revenues for the sake of ascertaining profitability. Similarly...

Causes of Inflation

Inflation is a situation where general price level is rising continuously indicating disequilibrium between demand and supply of goods at current prices. Causes of inflation vary from one country to another, thus different types of inflation exist at different places...

Types of Inflation

Several economists have described the inflation in different ways. For example Coulborn define inflation as “Too much money chasing too few goods.” According to Crowther “Inflation is a state of economy in which the value of money is falling, i.e. prices are rising.”...

How to Calculate an Index Number

An index number is a percentage value designed to measure the over all change in a variable, or in a group of related variables, by reference to a base value. In other words it is a number that measures the change in a variable over time. For example an index number...

Stock Valuation

The shareholders buy shares with the expectations of receiving dividends and increase in the value of the shares. A conscious investor buys shares when they are undervalued and sell them when they are overvalued. Under valuation means the shares’ true value is more...